Political Culture of Elites of Reza Shah’s Era
Mohsen
Khalili
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Amir
Abbasi Khoshkar
دانشجوی دکترای روابط بینالملل دانشگاه تهران
author
Majid
Shamsadininejad
دانشجوی دکترای جامعهشناسی سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی/ واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
author
text
article
2015
per
By examining the role of political culture of elites of Reza Shah’s era in his emerge and fall, the authors have reached this theoretical achievement that the components based on two levels of legitimization of the political system and participation in policy-making processes contaminated by the limited and non-democratic political culture of elites is one of factors for emerge and fall of Reza Shah. The non-democratic components include heroism, loyalty to personalities instead of political institutions, priority of personal interests against structural interests, political distrust and solving political disagreements through omission and destruction. Considering Almond’s theoretical pattern, the authors have depicted a different face of political culture of elites in the Reza Shah’s era. The approach is explanative and the method is documentary-comparative. The data were collected by using library method.
Research Letter of Political Science
Iranian Political Science Association
1735790X
10
v.
1
no.
2015
7
36
http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_251_808fd39ad618273e1bba747a31fab112.pdf
Antagonistic Opposition between Oppressive Government and Web-like Civil Society of Iran under Reza Shah
Shahruz
Shariati
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
Mehdi
Abbasi Shahkuh
دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
author
text
article
2015
per
Before the establishment of the Pahlavi Dynasty, the Iranian society relied on communities and institutions that enjoyed independence at a considerable level. In this regard, the Shiite scholars had the opportunity to criticize the governmental actions due to their financial independence and having the mosque tribunes under their control as well as having the exclusive right to interpret Sharia. Therefore Reza Shah who was aware of the power of the Shiite scholars in Iran and even under the pressure of the scholars in Qum had given up establishing a republic regime, gradually started to show a negative reaction to the scholar oppositions against his suppressive and secular policies, and instead of reinforcing a legal authority, he tried to suppress the social movements through threatening, dual game, assassination, conspirator actions as well as using the militaristic power. As representatives of Iranian civil society and network structure of Iran, some religious leaders, local elites and critics of Iranian society resisted against governmental policies and tried to reduce governmental power through weakening the role of state. By explanative post-event method, this article studies the political actions of Sayyed Hassan Modarres, a member of parliament and one of great religious leaders who resisted the wills of Reza Shah and tried to weaken the suppressive government and reduce his power. Migdal’s theory of web-like societies and Eisenstadt’s civil society theory are used to explain the web-like society and its antagonistic opposition with the suppressive government in the Pahlavi era.
Research Letter of Political Science
Iranian Political Science Association
1735790X
10
v.
1
no.
2015
37
62
http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_252_beb5141c920a032d70ca949a1ceeacd7.pdf
A Comparative Analysis of Reformism in Mirza Malkam Khan and Ali Shariati’s Thought
Masood
Ghaffari
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
Mohammad
Radmard
دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2015
per
This research is an examination of the intellectual history during the Mashruteh (Constitutional Revolution) and the Islamic Revolution. It compares reforms contemplated by Mirza Malkom Khan and Ali Shariati. The research question is: What are the differences between reformist thoughts of them concerning their temporal situations? In this regard, we have used the findings of Thomas Springer (crisis discovery, identifying the reasons and solutions suggested by the two thinkers) to analyze their thoughts. Malkom’s thoughts were based on the confrontation with backwardness and promotion of development. He praised modernization and emphasized on religion to justify his thoughts. His main concern was to overcome backwardness and proposed the Western Progress Model as a solution. Contrary to him, Shariati concentrated on the revival of religious identity and presenting a model to encounter superficial impressions of the West, modernity and modernization. His answer to the problem was revival of the ideas of justice and freedom (return to self). For emphasizing its identity foundations and achieving progress, contemporary Iran needs thoughtful approaches and proper development models in order to meet both development and identity without endangering or preferring one over the other because the country’s contemporary history has indicated that any bias towards one of these foundations would lead to imbalance in society and its instability in long term.
Research Letter of Political Science
Iranian Political Science Association
1735790X
10
v.
1
no.
2015
63
93
http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_253_fa93394b8903e506cdf138f5292447d6.pdf
Politeness and Power: a study of boosting and hedging in political language
Maryam-al-Sadat
Ghiasian
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه پیام نور
author
Tahere
Zakeri
دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی زبان¬شناسی همگانی دانشگاه پیام نور
author
text
article
2015
per
Some of the strategies of politeness in political speeches are boosting and hedging. The impact of power factor on linguistics politeness theories had been emphasized consistently but the sort of this impact is not necessarily similar in all contexts and according to the theories. By using descriptive-analytical method, this research has proceeded to investigate and compare boosting and hedging in respect of political politeness, power and prestige in ten political press conferences of the two heads of high-level political powers (executive and legislative) held in Iran from 2009 until 2011. The study demonstrates negative politeness strategies coexist not only with positive politeness strategies regarding the speaker and direct or target audience but, more importantly, with threat to positive face and negative face (against opposition bench and outside audience). The power factor is manifested with interacting of the kind of question, audience, as well as, personal speech style.
Research Letter of Political Science
Iranian Political Science Association
1735790X
10
v.
1
no.
2015
95
122
http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_254_f6542e6b36cd2b7df6eb110f1b5a9f59.pdf
The Obstacles of Women's Limited Political Participation in Iran
Hakem
Ghasemi
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه بین¬المللی امام خمینی(ره)
author
Fatemeh
Maali
کارشناس ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بین¬المللی امام خمینی(ره)
author
text
article
2015
per
The number of female members of parliament has always been limited in the legislative body of Iran whereas there is no legal limitation for them to be elected. Thus the main question of this article is: Why has not the number of women increased during the nine terms of Islamic Republic of Iran's parliament? What are the main factors leading to this condition? Given the fact that half of the population is composed of women, if they actively participate in the elections and vote for female candidates, we will not witness such conditions. Therefore the significant factors leading to the limited number of female members of parliament should be probed in their society and also their electoral behavior. Based on this issue, this research aims to probe the roots of this limitation by investigating the attitude of women towards participation for the parliamentary election. On this basis, the female students at six universities (Imam Khomeini International University, Tabriz University, Alame Tabatabaie University, Tehran University, Amirkabir University and Isfahan University) were chosen and their viewpoints were studied. Participants in this research included 300 university students who were sampled randomly. The authors have used descriptive-analytic methodology and questionnaires were used for collecting data. The results show that the domestic factors forming the tendencies and preferences of women along with diverse environmental factors direct the activities of women and are influencing their present mentioned condition. Cultural factors and how they are socialized are the leading factors for restricting the political participation of women and also limiting the number of female MPs in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Research Letter of Political Science
Iranian Political Science Association
1735790X
10
v.
1
no.
2015
124
156
http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_255_420b2c54303d12695c6fd1b71b58bbc2.pdf
An Analytical Framework for Study of Nation-State Cleavage: modeling and pattering of relations between state and society
Abdolali
Ghavam
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
Mehdi
Malmir
دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2015
per
There are numerous theories about the relationship between the state and society. But despite the positive points, these theories involve theoretical and methodological reductionism that prevents the establishment of an appropriate analytical framework for multidimensional and multilevel studies in comparative-historical studies. Furthermore, there is always the concern that how these theories answer to how and why questions about the nation-state cleavage (theoretical power). And secondly, are these theories capable integrate to other theories (combined power)? Without claiming theory-making, this article is an attempt to combine different theoretical approaches in a unified analytical framework in order to raise its theoretical and explanatory power and its success is conditioned to review and critiques by others and testing in field experience. Analytical framework presented in this paper is based on the general theory and hence it is a general framework that is a specific theory.
Research Letter of Political Science
Iranian Political Science Association
1735790X
10
v.
1
no.
2015
157
197
http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_256_d1d3fcc456c02e9c80d64208a493d6fb.pdf
The Sociology of Political Conflicts in Iran
Amir
Niakouee
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه کیلان
author
text
article
2015
per
Political conflict is a significant topic in political sociology, and different researchers have paid attention to various factors of the formation of these conflicts. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the sociological origins of political conflict in Iran after the presidential election in 2009. The paper uses sociological theories and examines political culture, social cleavages and political institutions in Iran and their impacts on political conflict after the presidential election in 2009. The results indicate that weakness of political institutions in Iran yielded by weakness of political parties, formation of social cleavages, depth of these cleavages, their condense, their ideological and identity dimension, inclination towards the state, and finally the political culture of elite in Iran has an effective role in formation of political conflicts in 2009
Research Letter of Political Science
Iranian Political Science Association
1735790X
10
v.
1
no.
2015
199
230
http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_257_0a8ef1295cdf95599d8c278a0c5360b3.pdf