Iranian Political Science Association Research Letter of Political Science 1735790X 12 2 2017 05 22 Epistemological Opposition of Indigenous Approaches in Humanities Development Epistemological Opposition of Indigenous Approaches in Humanities Development 7 26 315 FA Nourali Gholamhossein Samakoush Aliakbar Amini Journal Article 2017 03 25 Development process has some prerequisites in which the development of humanities constantly plays a significant and considerable role. However, humanities development in Iran and other developing countries is confronted with two main epistemological streams: “functional indigenism” and “epistemological indigenism”. These two streams have always had approach oppositions which have reduced the speed of humanities development. In this paper, using a qualitative method and qualitative data collection tools, it is aimed to address this question that: How the opposition of functional indigenism approach and epistemological indigenism approach in indigenism and development of humanities can make this area efficient or inefficient? The main hypothesis in this paper articulates that the opposition of functional indigenism approach and epistemological indigenism approach slows down the development process of humanities and impedes the realization of indigenism in Iran and the solution is moving toward taking the integrative-synthetic approach in this area. Development process has some prerequisites in which the development of humanities constantly plays a significant and considerable role. However, humanities development in Iran and other developing countries is confronted with two main epistemological streams: “functional indigenism” and “epistemological indigenism”. These two streams have always had approach oppositions which have reduced the speed of humanities development. In this paper, using a qualitative method and qualitative data collection tools, it is aimed to address this question that: How the opposition of functional indigenism approach and epistemological indigenism approach in indigenism and development of humanities can make this area efficient or inefficient? The main hypothesis in this paper articulates that the opposition of functional indigenism approach and epistemological indigenism approach slows down the development process of humanities and impedes the realization of indigenism in Iran and the solution is moving toward taking the integrative-synthetic approach in this area.

http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_315_ad13a2a07ca4b7642959dc0c4c740ab6.pdf

Iranian Political Science Association Research Letter of Political Science 1735790X 12 2 2017 05 22 Fundamentals of the Political in Ancient Greece and the Role of Police in its Formation Fundamentals of the Political in Ancient Greece and the Role of Police in its Formation 27 56 316 FA Ehsan Kazemi Ali Alihosseini Seyed Javad Emamjomehzadeh Alireza Aghahosseini Journal Article 2017 04 26 The Political is not only a concept, but refers to the essence of the ontological relations and political processes in a society. So as understanding the essence and nature of the political in a political community can lead us to the realization of its foundations and political logic. Addressing the political in ancient Greek political communities not only originates our understanding of the quality and structure of the policy in ancient Greece, but it can also reveal the foundations of political thought in ancient Greece. In fact, the political is the product of the political structure of a society along with its political thought. In this regard, theoretical ideas of thinkers such as Karl Schmidt, Jacques Lacan and Chantal Mouffe regarding the political are reviewed. Then the political relations in ancient Greece are mentioned. The police here as determined political structure of ancient Greece is recognized as a political discourse that the political is its reconstructed. In fact, the approach of the present study is the political discourse and the political is considered as a discourse. After indicating the police as a political discourse that reconstructs the outcome political, the emergence of the political in ancient Greece will be discussed. The Political is not only a concept, but refers to the essence of the ontological relations and political processes in a society. So as understanding the essence and nature of the political in a political community can lead us to the realization of its foundations and political logic. Addressing the political in ancient Greek political communities not only originates our understanding of the quality and structure of the policy in ancient Greece, but it can also reveal the foundations of political thought in ancient Greece. In fact, the political is the product of the political structure of a society along with its political thought. In this regard, theoretical ideas of thinkers such as Karl Schmidt, Jacques Lacan and Chantal Mouffe regarding the political are reviewed. Then the political relations in ancient Greece are mentioned. The police here as determined political structure of ancient Greece is recognized as a political discourse that the political is its reconstructed. In fact, the approach of the present study is the political discourse and the political is considered as a discourse. After indicating the police as a political discourse that reconstructs the outcome political, the emergence of the political in ancient Greece will be discussed.

http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_316_3fe94a002317b5f9259f82690aeea4cd.pdf

Iranian Political Science Association Research Letter of Political Science 1735790X 12 2 2017 05 22 A Philosophy of Compatibility between Liberty and Equality in John Rawls’ Theory of Justice A Philosophy of Compatibility between Liberty and Equality in John Rawls’ Theory of Justice 57 85 317 FA Seyed Ali Mahmoudi Journal Article 2017 03 05 Connections between liberty and equality in John Rawls political philosophy was a departure point towards creating the Theory of Justice. Based upon the heritage of philosophers of enlightenment and getting advantage of the origins of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy on anthropology and morality in particular, Rawls explained the foundations of his theory. He also discussed the essence of justice and explained that why and how justice can be achievable. Rawls’ breaking with tradition together with his renewal in a theory regarding justice, promoted equality by putting such a basic right besides liberty. In this article, I will discuss presuppositions of the two principles of justice and also the logic of priority of liberty over equality by applying the methodology of conceptual analysis and critical evaluation. Although Rawls achieved the assumption of the priority of liberty over equality through his anthropological reasons within a framework of a philosophical theory, it is understandable that he applying philosophical and political approaches in the light of reasonable arguments made neighboring and simultaneous relationships between liberty and equality. Therefore, Rawls made his attempts to provide a possibility for the attainment of social, political and economic justice in human societies. Connections between liberty and equality in John Rawls political philosophy was a departure point towards creating the Theory of Justice. Based upon the heritage of philosophers of enlightenment and getting advantage of the origins of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy on anthropology and morality in particular, Rawls explained the foundations of his theory. He also discussed the essence of justice and explained that why and how justice can be achievable. Rawls’ breaking with tradition together with his renewal in a theory regarding justice, promoted equality by putting such a basic right besides liberty. In this article, I will discuss presuppositions of the two principles of justice and also the logic of priority of liberty over equality by applying the methodology of conceptual analysis and critical evaluation. Although Rawls achieved the assumption of the priority of liberty over equality through his anthropological reasons within a framework of a philosophical theory, it is understandable that he applying philosophical and political approaches in the light of reasonable arguments made neighboring and simultaneous relationships between liberty and equality. Therefore, Rawls made his attempts to provide a possibility for the attainment of social, political and economic justice in human societies.

http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_317_5b8add2a5d98b1a652ea7fd72d942dac.pdf

Iranian Political Science Association Research Letter of Political Science 1735790X 12 2 2017 05 22 Analyzing the Impact of Authority on Death Prevalence among War Subjects Analyzing the Impact of Authority on Death Prevalence among War Subjects 85 118 318 FA Fateh Moradi Journal Article 2016 11 02 To access the mental atmosphere of war subjects, the intended society should be studied. In this study, a case study has been conducted through in-depth interviews with Iran-Iraq war subjects regarding the impact of authority on war and death. There are different forms of authority in the social space, but it is reproduced in its highest form in war and is also effective on mortality frequency. But authority is not produced in war and is rooted from external sources. In this study, it is found that we face diversity and plurality of subjects during and after war. Accordingly, eleven kinds of subjects based on their behavioral characteristics during war and three types of behavioral patterns after war have been derived from the research. Therefore, the diversity of war and post-war subjects’ behavior is associated with a different personality structure indicating they have different personality traits. But authority acts as an integration and overlap of these variations in war. Existing behavioral structures and patterns are also effective in war subjects in cultural and political atmosphere of Iran after war and now. Accordingly, regardless of the behavioral diversity of war subjects, an efficient management of political and cultural structures is not possible in society, and it is needed to pay attention to the diversity of behaviors in the subject and their behavior patterns. The subjects’ authority in war can be transmitted into the current political and cultural fields in different ways, i.e., it changes from power to authority. To access the mental atmosphere of war subjects, the intended society should be studied. In this study, a case study has been conducted through in-depth interviews with Iran-Iraq war subjects regarding the impact of authority on war and death. There are different forms of authority in the social space, but it is reproduced in its highest form in war and is also effective on mortality frequency. But authority is not produced in war and is rooted from external sources. In this study, it is found that we face diversity and plurality of subjects during and after war. Accordingly, eleven kinds of subjects based on their behavioral characteristics during war and three types of behavioral patterns after war have been derived from the research. Therefore, the diversity of war and post-war subjects’ behavior is associated with a different personality structure indicating they have different personality traits. But authority acts as an integration and overlap of these variations in war. Existing behavioral structures and patterns are also effective in war subjects in cultural and political atmosphere of Iran after war and now. Accordingly, regardless of the behavioral diversity of war subjects, an efficient management of political and cultural structures is not possible in society, and it is needed to pay attention to the diversity of behaviors in the subject and their behavior patterns. The subjects’ authority in war can be transmitted into the current political and cultural fields in different ways, i.e., it changes from power to authority.

http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_318_432aca3a1e345e339f35a30c8f65edce.pdf

Iranian Political Science Association Research Letter of Political Science 1735790X 12 2 2017 05 22 Analysis of Violent Acts of ISIS from the Perspective of Political Psychology: With an Emphasis on Realistic Conflict Theory Analysis of Violent Acts of ISIS from the Perspective of Political Psychology: With an Emphasis on Realistic Conflict Theory 119 150 319 FA Ali Ashraf Nazari 0000-0002-1391-5483 Shohreh Shohreh Pirani Journal Article 2017 06 01 Understanding the causes and contexts of violence and terrorism is one of the main areas of political psychology.How violence has been shaped and what reasons increased it in the first half of the twenty-first century are the questions that political psychology is going to answer.According to deprivation Theory, material and non-material deprivation is one of the most important explanations for the understanding of political violence has by political thinkers. At this article, efforts have been made to analyze the violent acts of ISIS in the framework of Realistic Conflict Theory.The main question is: What are the material and non-material deprivation areas and structures shaping the violence of ISIS? And what aspects of deprivation have been effective on the tendency of ISIS members to violence?The hypothesis of the present paper is that ISIS violence is the result of a combination factors such as reaction to the experience of colonialism, identity crisis, economic deprivation, humiliation, discrimination and foreign fighters. Especially Western countries stated the sense of discrimination and humiliation, second-class citizenship and poverty as the cause and prevalence of violence on behalf of ISIS.However, based on theories of deprivation - aggression, relative deprivation and conflict realistically, three main indices of the discussion are presented here. Firstly, poverty and economic factors are emphasized as reasons for the attraction to the ISIS. Secondly, special importance is given to the partial deprivation and psychological factors. And thirdly, the in-group conflict is highlighted. In this paper, these three dimensions are carefully reviewed is details and in an analytical way. Understanding the causes and contexts of violence and terrorism is one of the main areas of political psychology.How violence has been shaped and what reasons increased it in the first half of the twenty-first century are the questions that political psychology is going to answer.According to deprivation Theory, material and non-material deprivation is one of the most important explanations for the understanding of political violence has by political thinkers. At this article, efforts have been made to analyze the violent acts of ISIS in the framework of Realistic Conflict Theory.The main question is: What are the material and non-material deprivation areas and structures shaping the violence of ISIS? And what aspects of deprivation have been effective on the tendency of ISIS members to violence?The hypothesis of the present paper is that ISIS violence is the result of a combination factors such as reaction to the experience of colonialism, identity crisis, economic deprivation, humiliation, discrimination and foreign fighters. Especially Western countries stated the sense of discrimination and humiliation, second-class citizenship and poverty as the cause and prevalence of violence on behalf of ISIS.However, based on theories of deprivation - aggression, relative deprivation and conflict realistically, three main indices of the discussion are presented here. Firstly, poverty and economic factors are emphasized as reasons for the attraction to the ISIS. Secondly, special importance is given to the partial deprivation and psychological factors. And thirdly, the in-group conflict is highlighted. In this paper, these three dimensions are carefully reviewed is details and in an analytical way.

http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_319_8d3bba7425e7c98c50f52ca1b52d3735.pdf

Iranian Political Science Association Research Letter of Political Science 1735790X 12 2 2017 05 22 "Orientalism in Reverse" in the Representation of IRIB News from West "Orientalism in Reverse" in the Representation of IRIB News from West 151 188 320 FA Hadi Nazari Davoud Neamati Anaraki Journal Article 2017 01 31 The purpose of this essay is to study the representation of the west in IRIB news. To fulfill this goal, the news broadcasted on channel one at 21:00 p.m was studied for a period of 8 months. The theoretical framework of this paper is derived from the theoretical comprehension of representation, discourse as well as the orientalism in reverse. The method that has been used in this research is the method of Van Dijk’s discourse analysis. The data gathered from the review of the discourse of news on channel 1 about the West shows that, the news has mainly challenged the western norms based upon discursive components, such as: "supporting terrorism" , "racism", "violation of the human rights", "colonialism", "arrogance", "Islam phobia", and "violence". Reviewing channel 1 discourse shows that the news about the West is formed according to a procedure included in the organization and meta-organization instructions. The category implies that representation of the West in the discourse of news broadcasting is following what is called Orientalism in reverse. The purpose of this essay is to study the representation of the west in IRIB news. To fulfill this goal, the news broadcasted on channel one at 21:00 p.m was studied for a period of 8 months. The theoretical framework of this paper is derived from the theoretical comprehension of representation, discourse as well as the orientalism in reverse. The method that has been used in this research is the method of Van Dijk’s discourse analysis. The data gathered from the review of the discourse of news on channel 1 about the West shows that, the news has mainly challenged the western norms based upon discursive components, such as: "supporting terrorism" , "racism", "violation of the human rights", "colonialism", "arrogance", "Islam phobia", and "violence". Reviewing channel 1 discourse shows that the news about the West is formed according to a procedure included in the organization and meta-organization instructions. The category implies that representation of the West in the discourse of news broadcasting is following what is called Orientalism in reverse.

http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_320_320722549d1751cf3f247855f937b982.pdf

Iranian Political Science Association Research Letter of Political Science 1735790X 12 2 2017 05 22 Proper Political Structures in the Emergence of Oil Nationalization Movement Based Upon Neil Smelser Movement Theory Proper Political Structures in the Emergence of Oil Nationalization Movement Based Upon Neil Smelser Movement Theory 189 223 321 FA Abbas Naeemi Jourshari Mansour Vosoughi Alireza Kaldi Journal Article 2016 11 29 The main aim of the present paper is to assess proper political structures affecting oil nationalization movement based upon Smelser Movement Theory. The main question of the study is that: How did the nature of political structures in Qajar and First Pahlavi periods helped to provide the proper conditions for the emergence of Oil Nationalization Movement? The data shows that the political structure in Qajar period can be explained through two major factors that are despotism and patrimonial. Moreover, collected data indicates that the years between 1920 and 1926 is the era of dual sovereignty and the nature of political structure in the period of First Pahlavi can be divided into two sectors: Pseudo-modern dictatorship (1926-1933) and Pseudo-modern authoritarian (1933-1941) periods. The paper concludes that the lack of rule of law in the long term political structure of Iran has provided proper conditions for oil nationalization movement in 1940’s. Research methodology in this study is historical and the data is gathered through library studies. The main aim of the present paper is to assess proper political structures affecting oil nationalization movement based upon Smelser Movement Theory. The main question of the study is that: How did the nature of political structures in Qajar and First Pahlavi periods helped to provide the proper conditions for the emergence of Oil Nationalization Movement? The data shows that the political structure in Qajar period can be explained through two major factors that are despotism and patrimonial. Moreover, collected data indicates that the years between 1920 and 1926 is the era of dual sovereignty and the nature of political structure in the period of First Pahlavi can be divided into two sectors: Pseudo-modern dictatorship (1926-1933) and Pseudo-modern authoritarian (1933-1941) periods. The paper concludes that the lack of rule of law in the long term political structure of Iran has provided proper conditions for oil nationalization movement in 1940’s. Research methodology in this study is historical and the data is gathered through library studies.

http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_321_caf1a3dfb505ffed0d024130f58c5cfa.pdf