Surveying the interaction between, secular area and religious world: before Christ, Christian, and the modern times, signifies that secularism in western political thought, is a two layer: ideal and real phenomenon. The inner layer, which follows the intellectual meaning of “The political” and other realm, prescribing a clear criteria for political agents; and the layer of inevitable interaction of the two realms. In the other words, the present essay, concentrating on citizenship rights and inevitable practice between the political agents and the others, examines that why and how “The political” is theoretically a problematic controversy in western tradition.
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