The aim of the research is to identify Macro- factors affecting the political participation of people in ethnic provinces in the presidential elections of Iran. Identifying these factors leads to a more realistic understanding of the fluctuations in the participation in those provinces.The research has analyzed the participation and explained the impact of internal and external factors affecting it in Sistan and Baluchestan and Golestan with a descriptive-analytical approach. The research data has also been collected using documentary methods and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method . The findings regarding the political index showed that political events can affect the fluctuations in the participation rate, but the growth rate of general literacy alone does not explain the increase or decrease in participation in these two provinces. Regarding social indicators, the relationship between gender and the rate of participation in the elections of the two provinces is not significant, but the relationship between the rate of urbanization growth and the rate of participation in the two mentioned provinces is significant. Regarding economic variables, although in some periods we can see a direct relationship between the unemployment rate and the participation rate, this pattern is not necessarily and always repeatable; according to the findings, the unemployment variable and its rate had an indirect effect on the rate of participation in the presidential elections. At the same time, the research findings showed that economic and identity variables played a greater role than other factors in the rate of participation of the two ethnic provinces.