Approaches to

Boostanafrooz, Mohammadtaghi; Ameri Golestani, Hamed; Tavasoli Roknabadi, Majid

doi:10.22034/ipsa.2024.497

Approaches to "constitutional law-codifying" in the Nasser era and its relationship with Sharia

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Mohammadtaghi Boostanafrooz ¹

Hamed Ameri Golestani ²

Majid Tavasoli Roknabadi ³

¹ Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Islamic Azad University,, Sciences and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

³ Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Islamic Azad University Sciences and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/ipsa.2024.497

Abstract

One of the lesser-known areas in the "experience of political modernization in Iran" is the efforts that were made in the field of "law writing" in the Qajar era, before the establishment of the National Assembly. These efforts, on the one hand, were based on the expanding idea of legalism, and on the other hand, they helped a lot in its development. The present research, taking into account the analysis of critical discourse, and emphasizing the discursive "texture" of legalism, while paying attention to its "constitutional" type, seeks to know the approaches of this type of law writing in relation to Sharia. The findings of the research show that two important approaches were intended. One was the "positive" approach, which was discussed most of all in one word, and the other was the "negative" approach that Akhundzadeh followed in response to the writing of this treatise, and it was in complete agreement with his attitude. In the "positive" approach, Sharia is presented as an important rule for a better understanding of law writing, in which no law will be written, unless there is a clear relationship with Sharia, and of course in that modern law, which is based on European "constitutions". and Shariat was a category that was considered as its confirmation. At the same time, the negative approach basically considered the law writing on this basis to be incorrect and unhelpful for the society and the government and rejected it altogether.

Keywords

Sharia

Nasseri Era

Law

Law-codifying

Constitution

20.1001.1.1735790.1402.18.4.3.6

Subjects

Abadian, Hossein (2004), Constitutional Crisis in Iran, Tehran: Institute of Political Studies and Research. ]In Persian[

Abbasi B, Yaghoubi R. (2020). “The concept of law in Mustashār al-Dawlah’s thoughts”. Public Law Studies Quarterly. 50(1): 41-59. doi: 10.22059/jplsq.2019.258708.1749 ]In Persian[

Akhundzadeh, Mirza Fath Ali (1972), Articles, by Bagher Mo'meni, Tehran, Ava. ]In Persian[

Akhundov, Mirza Fath Ali (1978), The New Alphabet and Letters, Compiled by Mohammad Hamidzadeh, Tabriz: Nashr-e Ehya. ]In Persian[

Akhundzadeh, Mirza Fath Ali (1977), Philosophical Articles, ed. H. Seddigh, Tbriz: Savalan. ]In Persian[

Akhundzadeh, Mirza Fath Ali (2021), The collection of Mirzafath Ali Akhundzadeh's works, researched and corrected by Ali Asghar Haqdar, Bashgah-e-Adabiyyat. ]In Persian[

Akhundzadeh, Mirza Fath Ali (2022), The Letters of Kamal al-Dawla and its appendices, by Ali Asghar Haghdar, Electronic Publishing, Bashgah-e-Adabiyyat. ]In Persian[

Adamiyat, F. (1970). Thoughts of Mirzafateh Ali Akhundzadeh. Tehran: Kharazmi. ]In Persian[

Adamiyat, F. (1973). Thought of Progress and the Rule of Law (Sephesalar Era). Tehran: Kharazmi. ]In Persian[

Ale Dawood, Ali (2015), The First Legislative Efforts in Iran, Volume I, Tehran, Dr. Mahmoud Afshar Endowment Foundation Publications and Sokhan Publications. ]In Persian[

Ale Dawood, Ali (2019), The First Legislative Efforts in Iran, Volume 2, Tehran, Dr. Mahmoud Afshar Endowment Foundation Publications and Sokhan Publications. ]In Persian[

Ale Dawood, Ali (2021), The First Legislative Efforts in Iran, Volume 3, Tehran, Dr. Mahmoud Afshar Endowment Foundation Publications and Sokhan Publications. ]In Persian[

Ameri Golestani. H. (2016). Modernity and Constitutionalism: The Thought of Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh. Tehran: Negah-e-Moaser. ]In Persian[

Ameri Golestani, H. (2023). The experiment of political law-codifying in Naseri (Qajar) Era: Discourse analysis. Journal of Countries Studies, 1(1), 31-66. doi: 10.22059/jcountst.2023.91620 ]In Persian[

Behbahani, Aboutaleb (2000), Menhajolola, in: Political Treatises of The Qajar Era, Corrected and Revised by Gholamhossein Zargrinejad, Tehran: National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ]In Persian[

Belz, Herman (2005), Constitutionalism, Majlis and Rahbord, tr. Ahmad Markaz-Malmiri, 14 (56), 187-196. ]In Persian[

Cook, Guy (1999), Discourse and Literature, Shanghai, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

Faireloogh, Norman (2006), Discourse and Social Change, USA, PolityPress.

Faireloogh, Norman (2011), Critical Analysis of Discourse, tr. Pirooz Izadi et.al, Tehran: Bureau of Mediastudies and Playning. ]In Persian[

Farhad-Motamed M. (1947). Sepahsalaar-e-Azam. Tehran: Sherkat-e-Nesbi-e- AliAkbar-e-Alami va Shoraka. ]In Persian[

Feirahi, Davood (2020), The Concept of Law in Contemporary Iran (Pre-Constitutional Developments), Tehran, Ney. ]In Persian[

Feirahi, Davood (2021), Modern Government and The Crisis of Law: The Challenge of Law and Sharia in Contemporary Iran, Tehran: Ney. ]In Persian[

Firoozi, M., & Kadkhodaei, A. (2023). Studying the Concept of Law in pre-constitutional with emphasis on the Opinions of Mirzamalkamkhan Nazim al-Dawla. Public Law Researsh, (), -. doi: 10.22054/qjpl.2022.64804.2707 ]In Persian[

Ghafari, H. (2012). Ratio between Shariah law and the rule of law judicial system in Republic Islamic Iran. Public Law Researsh, 14(36), 107-132. https://qjpl.atu.ac.ir/article_2412.html ]In Persian[

Habib nejad, A., & Ameri, Z. (2020). Law-making in the Iranian Legislative System in the Light of Legislative-Drafting Models. Majlis and Rahbord, 27(102), 241-265. https://nashr.majles.ir/article_370.html ]In Persian[

Hashemi, Mohammad (1990),Comparative and Thematic Review of The Revision of The Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Research Quarterly, 8, 151-228. ]In Persian[

Haddad, G. R. (2021). A Critical Discourse Analysis of Hassan Rouhani's Speech at the 2018 UN General Assembly. Political Strategic Studies, 10(36), 181-215. doi: 10.22054/qpss.2020.53411.2585 ]In Persian[

Holy Quran.

Jannati, Mohammad-Ebrahim (1990), The Place of Sharia of Salaf and Custom In The Sources of Ijtihad, Keyhan-e-Andisheh, 33, 3-21. ]In Persian[

Jannati, Mohammad-Ebrahim (1991), Sources of Ijtihad From The Perspective of Islamic Religions, Tehran: Kayhan Publications. ]In Persian[

Jazaei, Mohaddesh (2022), The Lost Opportunity of The Parliament in Iran, Tehran: Hazareye Sevome Andisheh Company. ]In Persian[

Jørgensen M, Phillips LJ. (2011). Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method. Tr. Hadi Ajili, Tehran: Ney. ]In Persian[

LOUGHLIN, MARTIN (2010), Foundations of Public Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Moradkhani, Fardin (2017), Legal reading from Iran constitutional revolution, Tehran, Mizan Legal Publishers . ]In Persian[

Moradkhani F. (2019), The Concept of Law in Ṭālebuf Tabrīzī’s Thought. CHS, 10 (39), 107-128. http://chistorys.ir/article-1-1124-fa.html ]In Persian[

Moradkhani F. (2022). “The concept of law in the thought of Mirza Malkam Khan”. Irano-Islamic Research in Politics. 1(1): 137-166. doi: 20.1001.1.28212088.1401.1.1.6.6 ]In Persian[

Mostashar al-Dowleh MYK. (2012). Ghanoon-e-Varaghey-e-Sahaheh. Payam-e-Baharestan. 2, Special issue of Right and law: 405-424. ]In Persian[

Mostashar al-Dowleh MYK. (2015A). A Treatise Called One Word (Yek Kalameh). in: H. Ameri Golestani, Modernity and Constitutionalism: The Thought of Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh. Tehran: Negah-e-Moaser. ]In Persian[

Mostashar al-Dowleh MYK. (2015B). Letter To Mozaffareddin Mirza. in: H. Ameri Golestani, Modernity and Constitutionalism: The Thought of Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh. Tehran: Negah-e-Moaser. ]In Persian[

Mostashar al-Dowleh MYK. (2016A), Ghanoun-e-Edalatkhanehaye Iran, in: AA Haqdar, Documents of Constitutional Studies in Iran, Second Book: Seven Treatises, Ankara: Bashgah-e-Adabiyyat. ]In Persian[

Mostashar al-Dowleh MYK. (2016A), The First Draft of the Constitution, in: AA Haqdar, Documents of Constitutional Studies in Iran, Second Book: Seven Treatises, Ankara: Bashgah-e-Adabiyyat. ]In Persian[

Nazim al-Dawla M. (2003), Malkam’s Treatises. Ed. H. Asil, Tehran: Ney. ]In Persian[

Pound, Roscoe (1913), Courts and Legislation, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 7, No. 3, 361-383, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1944963

Rahimi, H. (2021). Text and Its Context: The Critical Discourse Analysis of the Third Development Plan of Iran (1962-1967) According to Baldwin’s Monography. Pizhuhish nāmah-i intiqādī-i mutūn va barnāmah hā-yi ̒ulūm-i insāni (Critical Studies in Texts & Programs of Human Sciences), 21(6), 121-143. doi: 10.30465/crtls.2020.33040.1984 ]In Persian[

Rasekh, M., & Bakhshi Zade, F. (2013). The Background of the Concept of Law in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution:From Absolutist to Regulatory Law. The Judiciarys Law Journal, 77(83), 35-58. doi: 10.22106/jlj.2013.10818 ]In Persian[

Sajjadi, Abdul Qayyum (2012), Jurisprudence and Legislation; Capacities and Limitations, in: Jurisprudence and Law, Tehran: Islamic Research Center of the Islamic Council. ]In Persian[

Shahryari, A. et.al (2023), The Conceptual Course of the Limitation of Power in the Political Thought of the Qajar Era (Transition Process from Authoritarian Monarchy to Constitutional Monarchy), Pizhūhish-i siyāsat-i nazāri. 33, 173-200. https://political.ihss.ac.ir/Article/38522/FullText ]In Persian[

Song, Lichao (2010), The Role of Context in Discourse Analysis, Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 876-879. doi:10.4304/jltr.1.6.876-879

Swisher, Peter N. (1981), Techniques of Legal Drafting: A Survival Manual, 15 U. Rich. L. Rev. 873-893, http://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-faculty-publications

Tabatabai J. (2008). A Reflection on Iran: The Theory of Constitutionalism in Iran (second part: The Foundations of Constitutionalism). Tabriz: Sotoodeh. ]In Persian[

Tabatabai J. (2020). Nation, State, and Constitutionalism: An Essay on the Text and Tradition. Tehran: Minooy-e-Kherad. ]In Persian[

Talibov, Mirza Abd al-Rahim (1968), Masalak al-Muhsinin, with introduction by Baqir Momeni, Tehran, Jibi. ]In Persian[

Vahdat, Farzin (2004), Iran's Intellectual Encounter With Modernity, tr. Mehdi Haghighatkhah, Tehran: Qoqnoos. ]In Persian[

Vakilian, Hassan (2024), Good Legislation of Basics, Indicators and Dimensions, Tehran: Iran Chamber Research Center. ]In Persian[

Van Dijk, Teun A (2008), Discourse and Context A sociocognitive approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Van Dijk, Teun A (2001) ‘Multidisciplinary CDA: a plea for diversity.’ in: Wodak, Ruth &Meyer, Michael (Eds.) Methods of CDA . London: Sage, pp. 95–120.

Vincent, Andrew (1997), Theories of the state, tr. Hossein Bashriyeh, Tehran: Ney. ]In Persian[

Wodak, Ruth (2001), The discourse-historical approach’. in: Wodak, Ruth & Meyer, Michael (Eds.) Methods of CDA. London: Sage.

Wodak, Ruth (2013), Critical Discourse Analysis: Challenges and Perspectives, in: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS, VOLUME I Concepts, History, Theory, Edited by Ruth Wodak, SAGE Publications Ltd.